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It is a chance to consider the meaning of our work over the past two decades where we began, the roads we have traveled, the questions we care about, the things accomplished that might not otherwise have been done as we look toward the future. "It takes many voices to tell a single story," a Native American saying observes. As I write about the Foundations origins and development, I am aware that the full story of the Revson Foundation can only be told through the stories of the hundreds of projects we have supported over the years, and the thousands of individuals involved in them. The story of each grant we have made since our last report is recounted in the Twenty Year Report. The voices of many of our grantees and others punctuate those pages, expressing with passion and eloquence their hopes, their principles, and their dreams. Twenty years ago the initial board of directors, chaired by Judge Simon H. Rifkind, decided to ground the Foundations giving in the founders own personal philanthropy, which expressed, as Judge Rifkind put it, Mr. Revsons commitment "to the spread of knowledge" and "the improvement of human life." With Mr. Revsons giving as a guide, the board established four program areas: in urban affairs, education, biomedical research policy, and Jewish philanthropy and education. Following extensive discussions with leading thinkers in other foundations, academia, government, science, and the arts, the board also identified as priorities four themes that would be reflected across these program areas: the future of New York City, the accountability of government, the changing role of women, and the impact of modern communications on education and other areas of life. "I want the Foundation to matter, to make a real difference," Judge Rifkind told me as I prepared to become the Foundations first president, in 1977. The Revson Foundation, the board came to believe, should do more than just allocate money; it should strive to become known as a place of ideas. It should seek out the original, the genuine, the best. It should think and act on a broad tapestry beyond the limits of its own endowment and work in partnership with other funders, both public and private. We saw, all around us, the challenges of the age. In our great city, with its vast wealth and deep poverty, we imagined revitalization of abandoned landscapes and renewal of the lives of those left behind in the upheavals of "progress." In our nation, whose democratic principles have become a beacon to the rest of the world, we imagined an end to discrimination, so that all children might believe in themselves and their chances for a decent life. In an increasingly complex, global society, we imagined a new spirit of shared destiny a people that draws strength from its diversity and inspiration from its kaleidoscope of cultures. We imagined a nation where all citizens saw their stake in a common future and a world where every government respected and responded to the needs of its people. Understanding the limited dollars we brought to the task as well as the limited role a foundation could play in even approaching such challenges we endeavored to do what we could to address some of these issues. Our grantmaking over the past two decades has taken many forms: media projects that introduce people to the experiences of others and to the shared inheritances of a multicultural society; policy research and monitoring that empowers citizens by decoding the intricacies of government; scientific research that improves the conditions of life by deciphering the mysteries of the natural world; education that broadens perspectives, inspires the young, and deepens the understanding of adults. All these pursuits, along different paths, have been aimed in the same direction: to bring closer to reality the dream of a better, more democratic, more just society.
The world has changed a great deal in the twenty years that we have been
making grants. At the end of the 1970s, as we were beginning, Jimmy Carter
was in the White House and had, Even as our democratic system became an ever-more-powerful model elsewhere in the world, in the United States the last two decades have seen widespread disaffection and disillusionment with government, elected officials, and the political process. Voter turnout only 49 percent in 1996 has remained among the lowest in any democracy. The 1980s saw a rise in opposition to government power that produced tax and spending cuts that shrank many public services and shifted responsibility for meeting many needs from Washington to the states. In the 1990s, a time of the greatest prosperity in our history, the gap between the wealthiest and poorest segments of society has widened alarmingly, a trend that shows no sign of reversing. The world of philanthropy has also changed significantly over this period
of time. With the growth of the U.S. economy, the number of foundations
has grown dramatically: from 22,000 in
Between 1978 and 1998 the Charles H. Revson Foundation, beginning with an endowment of $68 million and giving away a little over $3 million in its first year, has seen its endowment grow to close to $200 million and its grant appropriations increase to more than $9 million annually. As a foundation of modest size, weve concentrated our energies on a relatively small number of projects. Weve worked with hundreds of partners to make things happen that we could not have underwritten on our own. To the nearly $120 million we have granted, an additional $130 million in funding from our partners has made it possible to bring to fruition a number of big ideas, especially media projects with nationwide educational ambitions that require very substantial budgets. Our giving has been distributed roughly equally among our four program areas. We have tried always to define the Foundation in a way that would leave it open to innovation, able to grow by its experiences, build on its successes, and learn from its mistakes. In charting a long-range course, we have wanted to give new programs enough time and support to flourish. One of the hallmarks of our history has been a willingness to remain flexible and stay with an idea, following it into new directions that emerge over time. Several trends have emerged that shed light on what we have valued and how our vision has evolved. These trends cut across our program, representing a substantial portion of resources disbursed: the creative use of communications technology as a means to further other goals, from interfaith understanding to citizen participation to classroom learning; innovative fellowship programs that are aimed at the talented, committed individuals who will help shape the next century in law, science, urban development, and other fields; and the vital work of independent organizations that monitor government policy in order to make democracy more responsive to its citizens. Looking at the Foundations first two decades through this perspective helps illuminate many of the concerns, values, and passions that have animated our giving. The grants discussed in the pages that follow, while only a few of the 858 grants we have made over twenty years, represent some of the highlights of our program.
In the Foundations first report, we articulated our interest in the impact of media and technology on education and other fields, and noted the prediction by experts that "by the end of this century" interconnected systems will deliver an array of services, from instruction to shopping to mail, and that "the new links will change the ways we teach, learn, and live." The predicted changes have indeed occurred, and continue to emerge at a breathtaking pace. The ramifications are significant for the future of education, from the early years to adulthood. Television, the dominant communications medium in 1978, continues to grow into its multichannel future, but it is now joined by an unfolding assortment of technologies that offer new opportunities for conveying ideas and, through interactivity, involving the user in exciting ways. With these, as with all technologies, it is, fundamentally, the content that matters; the vehicles computers, CD-ROM, DVD are only the means of delivery. But new technologies have opened up new avenues of creativity, communication, and learning, allowing some of the projects we have assisted over this period to evolve in some fascinating new directions.
We never could have anticipated that a single project begun with one of our very first grants would end up spanning the twenty-year life of the Foundation. Seed money we provided in 1979 gave rise to the idea for the original nine-part series, ultimately supported by more than a hundred donors, that was seen by more than fifty million U.S. viewers and several hundred million more when it was shown in sixteen other countries, including Russia. After the initial broadcast, grants from the Foundation made it possible for the filmmakers to save the extensive research and footage for the series which included hundreds of hours of film as well as photographs of more than five thousand art objects from museums all over the world awaiting the day when technology might provide new opportunities to make use of it. The original, extensive study materials created to accompany Heritage made it possible for a viewer to watch a segment of the series on, for example, the Dreyfus trial consult the study guide for background on antisemitism in nineteenth-century Europe, and read, from the sourcebook of original documents, excerpts from Emile Zolas JAccuse. The DVD takes this a giant step further, with full interactivity and a treasure of new material, in print, sound, picture, and motion.
Taking a path-breaking next step, this year a new Israeli-Palestinian
coproduction, designed to model a better world for children in the
"Education is not the filling of a pail but the lighting of a fire," wrote William Butler Yeats, and nothing illustrates this better than the use of television and other telecommunications media for education. The power of media to bring the past to life is reflected in Foundation grants to several projects that, with creativity and seriousness, expand knowledge of history and deepen awareness and understanding of the human experience.
In the 1980s, the award-winning PBS series on the civil rights era, Eyes on the Prize, was called "one of the most moving series that has ever been shown on television." The series formed the basis for a course used on campuses all over the country, giving thousands of young people their first true sense of the urgency and drama of the movement for racial equality. The Yale Video Archive for Holocaust Testimonies was one of the first projects to demon-strate the value and power of video testimony to document this most terrible chapter in modern history. Begun by a small group of Holocaust survivors in the city of New Haven who wanted to ensure that their stories would not be forgotten, the project moved to Yale with a Foundation grant in 1982 and has since conducted nearly four thousand interviews in the United States, Europe, South America, and Israel (it was endowed by the Fortunoff family in 1987). Its testimonies have been incorporated into national curricula on the Holocaust used by thousands of classroom teachers and in a number of films, including Witness: Voices from the Holocaust, to be broadcast on PBS next year. In addition, the archive has helped to train others in projects around the world and has created a standard interview template used by other groups and institutions, including Steven Spielbergs Survivors of the Shoah Visual History Foundation, which is in the process of collecting fifty thousand testimonies from Holocaust survivors, whose numbers diminish every year. Two Foundation-initiated projects have collected video material on Jewish
subjects and made it available for educational purposes. The National
Jewish Archive of Broadcasting, established at the Jewish Museum in New
York in 1979, has received and archived more than Finally, we have supported two innovative projects, created by the Waterford Institute and by Bostons WGBH/Channel 2, that teach reading to youngsters through imaginative computer programs, a lively television series, videos, books, and activity guides, as well as the involvement of parents and teachers.
A variety of fellowship programs we have supported encourage talented
young people to choose careers in the public interest and strengthen leadership
in the nonprofit world. Beginning in the 1980s,
In the area of biomedical research, Revson Fellowships at preeminent research institutions in New York and Israel have enabled more than three hundred gifted recent MDs and PhDs to do postdoctoral work in laboratories of established scientists, where they have gained the necessary experience to embark on their own research careers. During the 1980s, when cutbacks and retirements were decimating whole departments at Israeli research institutions, appointments as Revson Fellows at the Weizmann Institute of Science and Hebrew University of Jerusalem helped bring more than seventy young Israeli scientists back from overseas and put them on track for permanent positions. The rapidly growing field of Jewish studies has been enriched by more than one hundred scholars sustained by Revson Fellowships in the doctoral program at Jewish Theological Seminary, who are now teaching at colleges and universities in North America, Europe, and Israel. And, in a program that spanned the late 1980s and early 1990s, Revson Fellowships at arts institutions in New York City assisted fields with few resources, helping more than a hundred young sculptors, choreographers, directors, composers, dancers, painters, and writers make the transition from student to professional.
A number of key groups dedicated to representing the interests ofthe
most underrepresented segments of society in the nations capital
have received our support, with a particular emphasis on
their public-information activities. The NAACP
Legal Defense and Education Fund, which established a Washington office
in 1977, has played a central role in monitoring civil rights decisions
and activities in all three branches of government and in working for
more effective laws to protect the rights of minorities. The
Childrens Defense Fund, founded by Marian Wright Edelman in
1973, has been an impassioned advocate for children, especially those
who are disadvantaged, through its research, testimony, and publications
that reach a wide audience, from government officials to families. The
Center
on Budget and Policy Priorities, founded in 1981 by Robert Greenstein
to examine the impact of government In New York, the passage of welfare legislation mandating benefit reductions and work requirements has led to a major initiative, launched with Foundation support, to monitor the effects of welfare reform at the city and state level. Six organizations with experience in different aspects of welfare including the Legal Aid Society, Coalition for the Homeless, and Community Food Resource Center are working together to track the immediate results of reductions in the welfare rolls, such as evictions, denials of child care, and emergency food needs, and reporting their findings to the public. Over the longer term, they are joining in an effort to shape policies that help people become self-sufficient while offering protection from the damaging effects of poverty.
The fundamental power of citizens in a democracy rests in the right to vote a right too many Americans fail to exercise as a result of disinterest, disillusionment, or inadequate information. In one approach to this problem, the Foundation, along with a large coalition of donors, has since 1984 supported nonpartisan election-year get-out-the-vote advertising campaigns featuring sports and entertainment celebrities that have reached millions of potential new voters. Viewers of these ads are directed to a related project, Project Vote Smart, a comprehensive national data bank available year-round on the Internet as well as through an 800 number, where users can look up the positions and voting records of all thirteen thousand candidates for state and federal office, and can get local information on where and when they can register to vote. Our interest in Israel encompasses a belief that improving government and other sectors of society through monitoring and the dissemination of information is as vital in Jerusalem as in Washington, and has led to major grants to two institutions that play key roles in Israeli society. An increasingly central setting for the discussion of vital issues, the institute regularly brings together government officials, academics, the public and the press for forums that generate extensive media coverage. Following the Oslo Accords in 1993, the institute expanded its work to help lay the groundwork for future Israeli-Palestinian cooperation. It has since developed projects with Arab research centers to jointly address issues affecting both populations, such as tourism and water resources. Its heralded Peace Kit, used by negotiating teams on all sides, examined the legal issues and the practicality of scores of proposals for the status of Jerusalem that have been proposed over the last century. In a joint project with the Arab Studies Society, the institute has begun to train mediators from both communities in Jerusalem to resolve commercial, social, and environmental disputes and to help mediate interethnic and interreligious conflicts before they result in confrontation or court proceedings.
Private philanthropy has the freedom, privilege, and responsibility to do what government cannot. It can use its independence to take the long view, to forewarn, to support the unpopular, the visionary, the dreamers and their dreams. It can test new ideas, try new approaches, and bring together people of widely differing perspectives, disciplines, and talents to discover new avenues of mutual understanding. Looking back on twenty years of the Revson Foundation, we are inspired by the dedication, the energy, and, perhaps most of all, the belief in the possibility of change of those who come to us with their ideas. We try to join them on a journey of the imagination, but we know that a foundation only vicariously explores the horizons with those it supports. As funders, we are not on the front lines but one step away from the action. Ultimately, the people and organizations who have embarked on this voyage with us will tell the story of the Foundation. Only they, and time, will tell whether we have set sail in the right direction, navigated well, and made a lasting difference.
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